'D§csKyf ( NLD ) etz (
SPDC )
aphpyfyJGeJ‹ywfouf+yD;
xkwfjyefcsuftrSwf 1§ 2001
(
1 )
'D§csKyf
( NLD
) etz ( SPDC )
aphpyfyJG[m Armjynf&JŒxl;jcm;csufjzpfygw,f? 1963 ckESpfwkef;u usif;ycJhwJh
aphpyfaqG;aEG;yJGrsm;eJ‹rwlyg? 'D§csKyfu w&m;0ifygwD ( Legal Party ) jzpf+yD; 1990 ckESpfa&G;aumufyJGrSmvJ
tEkdif&xm;wJh ygwD jzpfw,f? 'g‹a=umifhw&m;0iftpkd;&wykdif; (
Semi de jure ) vkd‹ajymEkdifw,f? etz uawmh
vuf&Sdtm%mukdukdifxm;wJh
( de facto ) tpkd;&jzpfaew,f? urBmrSm
'DtjzpfrsKd;odyf&Sm;r,f xifygw,f?
um,uH&SifawG
taESmifht,Sufrjzpfapvdkvdk‹ Armjynf uGefjrLepfygwDu bmrS0ifrajymcJhyg? 'D§csKyf
etz tjyif 88 rsKd;qufrsm;[mvJ um,uH&SifawGjzpf =uvkd‹ olwkd‹vJ
ajymykdifcGifh&Sdw,fvkd‹ xifygw,f? ajym=uqkd=uzkd‹ wkdufwGef; tm;ay;rlvJ
ðycJhygw,f? olwkd‹toHawGukd em;pGifhcJhygw,f? wHcg;ydwfawG‹qkHrjlzpfvkd‹
olwkd‹rSmvJ owif;&&Sdrl tuef‹towf }uD;aewm awG‹&w,f?
'D§csKyf etz ESpfbufpvkH;eJ‹ awG‹vmcJhw,fqkdwJh
ukvor*~ukd,fpm;vS,f &mZmvD/ tD;,l ukd,fpm;vS,f polawGtjyif etzeJ‹
xJxJ0if0ifawG‹vmcJhykH&wJh rav;&Sm;0ef}uD;csKyf&JŒ
xkwfjyefajymqkdcsufawGt& owif;tptewcsKdŒ od=u&w,f? 'gayrJh olwdk‹tm;vkH;u =um;ukd,fpm;vS,fawG
jzpfaeygw,f? a&&mwJh/ tmrcHcsuf&SdwJh/ jynfolawG&JΠtmomqENudk
jznfhpGrf;ay;EkdifwJh owif;tcsuftvufawG xkwfray;EkdifcJh=uygbl;?
(
2 )
tckawmh etzOuUX
AkdvfcsKyfrSL;}uD;oef;a&$ ukd,fwkdifu olwdk‹csif;pum;ajymae=uygw,fvkd‹
twnfðyajymxGuf vm+yDrkd‹ ajymp&mqkdp&mwcsKdŒ ajymygr,f?
ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwD[m
jynfwGif; +idrf;csrf;a&;/ 'Drdkua&pDa&;/ wkdif;jynfwaygif;wpnf;wnf;
wnfwnf+idrf+idrf jzpfa&;twGuf tm%m&tpkd;& tqufqufeJ‹
aphpyfaqG;aEG;cGifh&atmif t}udrf}udrfóud;pm;cJhygw,f? 'gayrJh 1963 ckESpf
w}udrfom yDyDjyifjyifaqG;aEG;cGifh&cJhygw,f?
&Spfav;vkH;ta&;tcif;rSm
tm%modrf;cJhwJh ppftm%modrf;acgif;aqmif Akdvfapmarmifvufxuf
(1991 ckESpf) w}udrf/
Akdvfoef;a&$wufvmawmhw}udrf awG‹qkHaqG;aEG;cGifh&zkd‹
urf;vSrf;cJhygao;w,f? urf;vSrf;pmrSm / ESpfbufpdwf0ifpm;wJh
wkdif;a&;jynf&mudpPawG aqG;aEG;vdka=umif;/ aqG;aEG;aepOf
aqG;aEG;csufrsm;ukd v#KdŒ0Sufxm;&ef/ oifhawmfwJh tcsdefa&mufrS
wkdif;jynfokd‹today;a=unm&ef / pwJhtcsufawGyg0ifygw,f? 'gu
,l*sDygwDwck&JŒurf;vSrf;csufom jzpfygw,f?
tck
'D§csKyf etz aphpyfyJG[m 'DykHo¿meftwkdif;jzpfaewm awG‹&ygw,f? okd‹aomf
'DvkyfykHvkyfenf;ukd a&&Snfrvkyfoifhyg? vlxkukd
jyefvnfwifjy&r,fhwm0ef 'D§csKyf rSm &Sdaeygw,f? Akdvfoef;a&$uawmh
xGufajymaeyg+yD? 'Dae&mrSm enf;enf;avmuf aemufa=umif;jyef+yD;
Edlif;,SOfwifjyzkd‹ vdkvmygw,f?
wcku
1963 ckESpf aphpyfaqG;aEG;yJGeJ‹ tck ESpfbufpum;ajymaewmukd
wwef;wnf;oabmxm;vkd‹r&yg? acwfcsif; rwlvdk‹jzpfygw,f? u|efawmfwdk‹
óudufóudufróudufóuduf acwfeJ‹uif;uGm+yD; pOf;pm;vkd‹ rjzpfyg? tm&Swkduf
yx0Dtaetxm; t& Armjynf[m urBmhacwf&JŒ *,uf¶kdufcwfr l&Sd aeygw,f?
1963
ck ([kdacwfu) ppfat;acwfjzpf+yD; e,fcsJŒ*kd%f;eJ‹ ( òyduJGpðyaomfvJ
&Sifoefaeao;wJh ) qdk&S,fvpf*kd%f; &Sdygw,f? AD,uferfppfyJG
pwifwJhacwfvJjzpfygw,f? jynfyu pdwf0ifpm;olawGqkdwm t"du tJ'D*kd%f;
ESpf*kd%f;yg? tJ'Dwkef;u Armjynfukd pdwfcsvufcs vJ$xm;vkd‹&wJhacwfyJ?
tckawmh ppfat;acwfuvJ ukefpðyvm+yD? b,folyJ tm%m&aeae Armjynfukd
rsufESmv$Jxm;vdk‹r&wJhacwf a&mufae+yD?
63
ckESpfrSm aphpyfaqG;aEG;ol um,uH&SifawGu t"dutm;jzifh
vufeufukdifwdkufaewJh uGefjrLepfeJ‹ rqv ppftpdk;& jzpfygw,f? b,folrS
jynfolvlxkutyfESif;wJh vlxktcGifhtm%m &Sd=uwmr[kwfygbl;? Auy eJ‹ rwlwmu
'D§csKyf[m w&m;0ifygwD? aemuf+yD; 1990 ck
a&G;aumufyJGEkdifxm;wJhygwDyJ? tckaqG;aEG; aewm awGukd oifhawmfwJhtcsdefrSm
wkdif;jynfukdtoday;&ygr,f? vlxkua&G;aumufxm;wJhygwD[m vlxkukd
rysufruGuf tpD&ifcH &r,fhwm0ef &Sdygw,f?
aemufwcku
zrf;xm;oleJ‹ tzrf;cHae&ol&JŒ pum;0kdif;[m aphpyfaqG;aEG;yJGrrnfygbl;?
ouU&mZf 2000 - 2001 tckkacwf[m ppfat;vGefacwf/
tar&duefwOD;wnf; Akdvfusv$rf;rkd;csifaewJhacwfyg? 'gayrJh
Armjynfta&;rSm oljzpfcsifovdk rjzpfEdkifwJh taetxm;jzpfaeygw,f? u|efawmfwdk‹wkdif;jynfukd
jyify pdwf0ifpm;olawGuvJ rsm;vmaeygw,f? tdrfeD;csif;tm;vkH;/ tmqD,H/ *syef/
tD;,l/ =opa=w;vs (olwdk‹xJrSm ArmjynfeJ‹ ywfoufvdk‹
oabmxm;trsKd;rsKd;&Sdw,f ) eJ‹ tar&duefponf wef;pD+yD; awG‹Ekdifw,f?
Armjynftay: olwkd‹u ajz&Sif;enf; trsKd;pkH ukdifxm;+uw,f?
apmapmyJGxGuf
pifay:wufvmwJh r[moD,m bmvJ =unfh=uygpkd‹? olu *syeftóudufvkyfaewJh
ukd,fpm;vS,fyJ? ol‹csnf;qkd&if ArmjynfudpPrSm ta&;ygvSwJholr[kwfbl;?
ppftkyfpktóudufajymr,fhol/ ajymwJholyJ? ArmjynfrSm a':vmoef; 500 ausmf &if;ESD;jr‡KyfESHxm;wJh
rav;&Sm;&JŒtusKd;pD;yGm; =unfhpum;ajymygw,f? olajymwJh ‘a&G;aumufyJGopf’
qkdwm aoG;wkd;prf; =unfhcsifwJh etztiSm;yg;pyfeJ‹ ypPnf;emrnf avmufukdom
a=umfjimoGm;/ vrf;!¸efoGm;wmyg? b,fvkd
‘a&G;aumufyJGopf’
qkdwmukd a&Smifxm;ygw,f?
wu,fu ‘a&G;aumufyJGopf’ vkyfr,fqkd&if
&Sif;p&mawG yxr&Sif;&ygOD;r,f? óudvkyfxm;ESifh&r,fh udpPawG
&Sdygao;w,f?
1?
1990 ckESpf a&G;aumufyJG&v'ftwkdif;
v$wfawmfukd t&ifqkH;ac:&r,f?
2?
v$wfawmfu tajccHOya'a&;qJG/
jynfol‹qENcH,lyJGeJ‹twnfðy?
3?
tajccHOya'opf &vmrS a&G;aumufyJGopfvkyf?
'DtpOftwkdif;oGm;&rSm jzpfygw,f?
r[moD,m
qkdvkdcsifwJh a&G;aumufyJGopfu ppftkyfpka&;qJGaewJh
zJG‹pnf;tkyfcsKyfykHt& abmif;bD0wf/ abmif;bDc|wf awG a&G;aumufyJGr0ifbJ
trwftjzpf 25µ cJGwrf;ay;&r,fh
a&G;aumufyJGyJ?
( 3 )
bma=umifh
olwkd‹pum;ajymae=uovJ
“ae0if;vGefacwf”
twGuf ppftkyfpku jyifqifcsifaeygw,f? tm%m&awG (olwkd‹) a&;xm;wJh ‘tem*wf OD;aqmifrltcef;’ qkdwmukd tmrcHwJh tajccHOya'ukd
tjreftwnfðycsifaew,f? okd‹aomf 'D§csKyfu tajccHOya' tygt0if
Oya'tm;vkH;a&;qJGcGifh (1990 a&G;aumufyJGrSm) &xm;wJh
tm%mrJhygwDjzpfaew,f? olwdk‹t=um;rSm uJGvJGrl}uD;ygw,f? 'DuJGvGJrlabmifukd
usOf;ypfzsufypfcsifw,f? ‘a&G;aumufyJGopf’ qkdwm vkyfr,fqkd&ifvJ 1990
a&G;aumufyJGukd t&ifqkH; ajrjr‡Kyfo+*FKd[f&OD;r,f? 'gawGa=umifh 'D§csKyfeJ‹
pum;ajymaewmjzpfw,f?
a&G;aumufyJGr0if&bJ
ppftkyfpku trwf 25µ
&csifwma=umifhvJ olwdk‹ 'D§csKyfeJ‹ pum;ajymaewmyg? vlxku 75µ aomtrwfawGtwGufom rJay; =uayawmh
qkdwJhoabmyg? 'g[m 'kdiftmcDacwfukd wausmhjyefwmjzpfygw,f? vkyfwJh enf;emusawmh
vljyefay;qJG+yD; &ydkifcGifhawmif;aewJh ykHpHawG‹&w,f?
wzufrSm=unfhjyefawmh
tar&duef/ tD;,l/ *syefeJ‹ tmqD,H (=opa=w;vs vJxnfhwGufcsifwGufyg )
wkd‹taeeJ‹ b,folrS Armjynfukd vuf&Sdtajctaetwkdif;
v$wfrxm;Ekdif=uawmhygbl;?
pum;ajymaew,fqkdwJhumvrSm
olwkd‹bmawGvkyfaeovJ
yxrqkH;
b*Fvm;a'h&Sfe,fpyf ewfjrpfurf;ab;rSm a&umwmaqmufwJhudpP
azmfxkwfvkdufwmawG‹&w,f? 'kwd,taeeJ‹ ppfawGòrd‹bufrSm Ak'<bmomeJ‹ rlqvif
ta&;udpPay:vmcJhw,f? ckaemufqkH; ,kd;',m; Arm e,fpyf r,fqkdif
wmcsDvdwfbufrSm jyif;xefwJhwdkufyJGawG jzpfvmyg+yD? 'DudpPtm;vkH;[m Armppftpkd;&&JŒ
qENay:rSm rlwnf+yD;jzpfvmwJh udpPawGcsnf;yg? ay:ap aysmufap ESpfckpvkH;ukd
olwkd‹wwfEkdif=uygw,f?
wwkdif;jynfvkH;
pkpnf;xm;a&;eJ‹ jynfy&efumuG,fa&;twGuf
wyfrawmfomtm;ukd;p&m&Sdw,fqkdwm jycsifwJhoabmyg? 'D§csKyf (NLD) eJ‹aqG;aEG;aepOfrSm
aps;qpfaumif;atmif tcsuftvufawG zefwD;jyaewmyg?
(
4 )
'ga=umifh
trsKd;om;nD!Gwfa&; jyefvnfwnfaqmufzkd‹/ 'Drdkua&pDtkyfcsKyfa&;pepf
wnfaqmufzkd‹ wu,fyJ pdwf&if;apwemrSef&Sd=u&if vwfwavm
atmufygtwkdif;vkyfzkd‹vkdygr,f?
(u)
a&&Snfvkyf&r,fhtvkyfeJ‹ a&wkdvkyf&r,fh tvkyfukd
cJGjcm;csOf;uyfwJhtaeeJ‹ 1988 rS 2000 twGif;ay:aygufcJhwJh jy\emawGukd
t&if&Sif;&ygr,f?
(c)
ajcvSrf; okH;vSrf;eJ‹ azmfaqmifoifhygw,f?
yxrajcvSrf;? 1988 ckESpfaemufykdif;zJG‹pnf;cJhwJh
EkdifiHa&;ygwDtm;vkH;ukd ‚if;wkd‹qEN&Sdygu
w&m;0ifae&mjyefay;a&;/
EkdifiHa&;tusOf;om;tm;vkH; c|if;csufr&Sdv$wfay;a&;eJ‹
AkdvfrSL;atmiftrSL;ðywJhtzJG‹ukd t}uHay;tzJG‹tjzpf w&m;0if tod
trSwfðya&;?
'kwd,ajcvSrf;? 1988 ckESpfaemufydkif; ppftpkd;&eJ‹
typftcwf&yfpJxm;wJh tiftm;pktm;vkH;eJ‹ wnfwHhckdif_rJwJh +idrf;csrf;a&;
wnfaqmufzkd‹ EkdifiHa&;t& aphpyfaqG;aEG;a&;?
wwd,ajcvSrf;? 1948 rSpI EkdifiHa&;t&
yÉdyuQjzpfaeaomtiftm;pkrsm;eJ‹ EkdifiHa&;t& aphpyfaqG;aEG;a&;?
jzpfygw,f?
(
5 )
um,uH&Sifrsm;[m
wkdif;jynftusKd;ukd a&SŒ¶l+_yD; aphpyfaqG;aEG; =ur,fvkd‹ ar#mfvifhygw,f?
u|efawmfwdk‹oabmxm;uawmh
1990 a&G;aumufyJGukd jynfzkH;um;rcsoifhyg?
1990 ckESpfuvkyfcJhwJh a&G;aumufyJGukd todtrSwfðy&ygr,f? uav;upm;ovkd
rjzpfatmifqifjcifoifhygw,f? toufxif&Sm;&Sdaeao;wJh
a&G;aumufcH&oltm;vkH; (tm;vkH;) ygwJh v$wfawmfac:oifhw,f?
tJ'Dv$wfawmfrSm
um,uH&SifESpfOD; aphpyfxm;wJh&v'fukd wifoGif;+yD;
v$wfawmf&JŒqkH;jzwftwnfðyrlukd cH,loifh ygw,f? 'grSom jynfolvlxkukd
av;pm;&mvJa&muf wkdif;jynftwGufvJ tusKd;&Sdygvdrfhr,f?
ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwD taeeJ‹uawmh+idrf;csrf;wJh/
'Drdkua&pD&SdwJhtajccHay:rSm trsKd;om;nD!Gwfa&; wnfaqmuf =u+yD; 21
&mpk urBm}uD;rSm xkdufxkdufwefwef tqifhtwef;&SdwJh Armjynf
jzpfapcsifwmt"duyg? tJ'Dvkyfief;tpOfrSm rdrdpGrf;tm;&Sdor#
ulnDoGm;ygr,f?
1362 ckESpf/ wykd‹wJGvqkwf 7 &uf?
2001 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&D 14 &uf?