trdsK;om;'Drkdua&pDtzGJhcsKyf

trSwf (97/c)/ taemufa&$*kHwkdifvrf;

A[ef;jrdKhe,f/ &efukefjrdKh

 

 

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txdrf;trSwfaeh trSmpum;//

 

1// 1990jynfheSpf/ ygwDpkH 'Drkdua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJ}uD;

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a&muf&SdvmcJhayjyD//

 

2// usif;yjyD;pD;cJhaom ygwDpkH'Drkdua&pDtaxGaxGa7G;aumufyGJ}uD;onf

jynfolhv$wfawmfay:aygufvm a&;twGuf

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aqmif&Gufay;& rnfh wm0ef}uD;w&yfjzpfvmygonf/

 

3// 1988ckSESpf/ pufwifbmv(23)&ufaehwGif

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uvnf; Twifjycsufukd txl;*&kxm;rnf[k ,kH}unfygonf//

 

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b,ftkyfpkrsm;rS jiif;y,fjcif;/ rsufuG,fjyKjcif; r&Sd}uyg//

 

5// TtajccHrlt& usif;ycJhaom 1990ckeSpf/ arv (27)&ufaeh ygwDpkH'Drkdua&pD

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ekdifiHawmfjyefwrf;wGif twnfjyKjyXmef;jyD;jzpfygonf//

 

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av;pm;&ygrnf//

 

a&G;aumufyGJOya'wGif wdwdvif;vif; xif&Sm;pGmaz:jycJhonfhtwkdif;/

jynfolhv$wfawmfukd ac:,lay;

rSom a&G;aumufyGJ.&v'fukd *k%fjyKav;pm;&m a&mufygrnf//

 

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rsufuG,fjyKI r&onfh tajctaeokdh  qkdufa&mufaeygjyD//

 

7// ekdifiHawmftusdK;eSifh jynfolw&yfvkH;.tusdK;ukd ESpfESpfumumvkdvm;aom

jynfaxmifpkjrefrmekdifiHawmf.ekdifiHhom;aumi;frsm;onf jynfolw&yfvkH;ESifh

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trdsK;om;'Drkdua&pDtzGJhcsKyfrS tav;teufwkdufwGef; eKd;aqmfvkduf&ygonf//

 

'Drkdua&pDekdifiHawmfjzpfay:vma&;twGuf rdrdwkd.touf/ ukd,fykdifvGwfvyfcGifh/

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wifjytyfygonf//

 

 

A[kdtvkyftr_aqmiftzGJh

trdsK;om;'Drkdua&pDtzGJhcsKyf

 

 

&efukefjrdKh

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trdsK;om;'Drkdua&pDtzGJhcsKyf

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A[ef;jrdKhe,f/ &efukefjrdKh

 

 

(11)ESpfajrmuf ygwDpkH'Drkdua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJeSpfywfvnfpmwrf;

 

ygvDref'Drkdua&pDumv//

 

1947ckESpfwGif jAdwdoSsukdvdkdeDvufatmuf 0ef}uD;csKyf AkdvfcsKyfatmifqef;

}um;jzwftpkd;&onf jrefrmekdifiHvGwfvyfa&; &&Sda&;twGuf

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qkH;jzwfcsufukd oabmwlvufcHjyD; jrefrmekdifiHtm; vGwfvyfa&;ay;cJhygonf//

1948ckESpf *sefe0g&Dv av;&ufaehwGif tcsKyftjcmtm%mykdifaom

jynfaxmifpkjrefrmekdifiH jzpfay: cJhygonf//

1947ckESpf *sLvkdifv wq,fhukd;&ufaehwGif AkdvfcsKyfatmifqef;eSifhwuG

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ekdifiHawmforw/ ekdifiHawmf0ef}uD;csKyfeSifh

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1952ckeSpfYw}udrf/ 1956ckeSpfY

w}udrf/ 1960ckeSpfYw}udrf usif;ycJhonf//

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vnf; &SdcJhygonf//

jrefrmekdifiHonf ta&Shawmiftm&SwGif

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tvkyform;tcGifhta&;rsm; &&Sda}umi;f xifay:cJhygonf//

 

qkd&S,fvpf'Drkdua&pDumv//

jynfaxmifpkjrefrmekdifiHwGif tm%m&ekdifiHa&;tzGJhtpnf;rsm;

uGJjyJcJh}ujci;fESifh wkdi;f&if;om;vlrsdK;pk rsm;u

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ekdifiHjcm;

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1974ckeSpfwGif jrefrmhqkd&S,fvpfvrf;pOfygwDtpkd;&onf

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ekdifiHawmf.&nfrSef;csufyef;wkdif onf qkd&S,fvpfpHepfjzpfonf/

ekdifiHawmf.pD;yGm;a&;pHepfonf qkd&S,fvpfpD;yGm;a&;pHepfjzpfonf//

ekdifiHawmf. zGJhpnf;ykHonf qkd&S,fvpf'Drkdua&pDpHepfjzpfonf//

ekdifiHawmfonfwckwnf;aom ygwDpHepfukdom usifhokH;&rnf//

jrefrmhqkd&S,fvpfvr;fpOfygwDonf ekdifiHawmf. wckwnf;aom ekdifiHa&;ygwDjzpfI

ekdifiHawmfukd OD;aqmifonf[k az:jyxm;onf//

ekdifiHawmfukd jynfe,f(&)ck/ wkdif; (7)wkdffif;wkdhjzifh

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